View source for D

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D

[[File:D cursiva.gif|thump]]

Writing cursive forms of D

==History==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;"
! Egyptian hieroglyph&#160;<br>door
! Phoenician <br/>''[[dalet]]h''
! Greek <br/>''[[Delta (letter)|Delta]]''
! Etruscan&#160;<br/>D
! Roman <br/>D
|- style="background-color:white; text-align:center;"
|<hiero>O31</hiero>
| [[File:PhoenicianD-01.png|35px]]
| [[File:Delta uc lc.svg|55px]]
| [[File:EtruscanD-01.svg|30px]]
| [[File:RomanD-01.png|25px|Roman D]]
|}

The Semitic letter [[Daleth|Dāleth]] may have developed from the [[logogram]] for a fish or a door. There are various [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]s that might have inspired this. In Semitic, Ancient Greek and [[Latin]], the letter represented {{IPA|/d/}}; in the [[Etruscan alphabet]] the letter was superfluous but still retained (see letter [[B]]). The equivalent [[Greek letter]] is Delta, [[Delta (letter)|Δ]].

The [[Lower case|minuscule]] (lower-case) form of 'd' consists of a loop and a tall [[Vertical direction|vertical]] stroke.  It developed by gradual variations on the majuscule (capital) form. In handwriting, it was common to start the arc to the left of the vertical stroke, resulting in a [[serif]] at the top of the arc. This serif was extended while the rest of the letter was reduced, resulting in an angled stroke and loop. The angled stroke slowly developed into a vertical stroke.

==Use in writing systems==
[[File:Boundary stone on the Demeljoch - 2.jpg|thumb|The letter D, standing for "Deutschland" ([[German language|German]] for "[[Germany]]"), on a [[boundary stone]] at the border between Austria and Germany.]] 
In most languages that use the Latin alphabet, and in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]], {{angbr|d}} generally represents the [[voiced alveolar plosive|voiced alveolar]] or [[voiced dental plosive]] {{IPA|/d/}}. However, in the [[Vietnamese alphabet]], it represents the sound {{IPA|/z/}} in northern dialects or {{IPA|/j/}} in southern dialects. (See [[D with stroke]] and [[Dz (digraph)]].) In [[Fijian language|Fijian]] it represents a [[prenasalized consonant|prenasalized]] stop {{IPA|/nd/}}.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Pacific languages: an introduction |first=John |last=Lynch |page=97 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zYfV1jN3whUC&pg=PA97&dq=d+fijian+prenasalized#v=onepage&q=d%20fijian%20prenasalized&f=false |year=1998 |publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]] |isbn=0-8248-1898-9 }}</ref> In some languages where [[voice (phonetics)|voice]]less [[aspiration (phonetics)|unaspirated]] stops contrast with voiceless aspirated stops, {{angbr|d}} represents an unaspirated {{IPA|/t/}}, while {{angbr|t}} represents an aspirated {{IPA|/tʰ/}}. Examples of such languages include [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Navajo language|Navajo]] and the [[Pinyin]] transliteration of [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]].

==Other uses==
The [[Roman numeral]] {{unicode|Ⅾ}} represents the number [[500 (number)|500]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywI6SDUggk4C&q=ix#v=snippet&q=%22roman%20numerals%22&f=false | title=Illustrated Introduction to Latin Epigraphy | publisher=University of California Press | date=1983 | accessdate=3 October 2015 | author=Gordon, Arthur E. | pages=44}}</ref>

==Related characters==
<!-- Please only list characters (symbols in a writing system, but not just convenience codepoints in Unicode) that are actually related in terms of origin to the letter that is the topic of this article. Characters that merely look subjectively similar need not apply. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources before adding more. -->

===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet===
*Ð ð : [[Ð|Latin letter Eth]]
*D with [[diacritic]]s: [[Đ|Đ đ]] [[Ɗ|{{unicode|Ɗ ɗ}}]] [[Dot (diacritic)|Ḋ ḋ]] [[Ḍ|Ḍ ḍ]] [[Ḑ|Ḑ ḑ]] [[Circumflex|Ḓ ḓ]] [[Ď|Ď ď]] [[Macron below|Ḏ ḏ]]
*[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]-specific symbols related to D: {{IPA link|ɖ}}

===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets===
*{{unicode|𐤃}} : [[Phoenician alphabet|Semitic]] letter [[Dalet]], from which the following symbols originally derive
**Δ δ : [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letter [[Delta (letter)|Delta]],  from which the following symbols originally derive
***{{Script|Copt|Ⲇ ⲇ}} : [[Coptic alphabet|Coptic]] letter Delta
***Д д : [[Cyrillic]] letter [[De (Cyrillic)|De]]
***𐌃 : [[Old Italic script|Old Italic]] D,  the ancestor of modern Latin D
****{{Script|Runr|ᛞ}} : [[Runes|Runic]] letter [[dagaz]], which is possibly a descendent of Old Italic D
****{{Script|Runr|ᚦ}} Runic letter [[thurisaz]], another possible descendent of Old Italic D
***{{Script|Goth|𐌳}} : [[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] letter daaz, which derives from Greek Delta

===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations===
*₫ : [[Vietnamese dong|Dong sign]]
*∂ : [[∂|the partial derivative symbol]], <math>\partial</math>

==Computing codes==
{{charmap
| 0044 | 0064 | name1 = Latin Capital Letter D | name2 = &#160; Latin Small Letter D
| map1 = [[EBCDIC]] family | map1char1 = C4 | map1char2 = 84
| map2 = [[ASCII]] <sup>1</sup> | map2char1 = 44 | map2char2 = 64
}}
: <sup>1</sup> {{midsize|Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.}}

==Other representations==
{{Letter other reps
|NATO=Delta
|Morse=–··
|Character=D4
|Braille=⠙
}}

In [[British Sign Language]] (BSL), the letter 'd' is indicated by signing with the right hand held with the index and thumb extended and slightly curved, and the tip of the thumb and finger held against the extended index of the left hand.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|D}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|D}}
*{{Wiktionary-inline|d}}

{{Latin alphabet|D|}}

[[Category:ISO basic Latin letters]]